教育配套资料K12
Understanding each other
李仕才
一、阅读理解。
Flaubert had it that “one way of tolerating existence is to lose oneself in literature as in an unending party”．It turns out that reading doesn't only help us to tolerate existence，but actually lengthens it.
A recent study by Yale University researchers，published online in the journal Social Science & Medicine，concluded that “book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”．
The data was obtained from the study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging.The study looked at 3,635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didn't read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.
The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn't crack open a book.The more the subjects read，the longer they lived，but as little as 30 minutes a day was still beneficial in terms of survival.
Accounting for factors such as education level，income and health status，the study found that those who read more than 3.5 hours weekly were 23 percent less likely to die during that 12-year period.Those who read up to 3.5 hours—an average of a half hour a day—were 17 percent less likely.
“In other words，just like a healthy diet and exercise，books appear to promote a significant survival advantage，” the authors concluded.
Why or how that's_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship.But the findings are not so surprising.Other recent research showed that reading novels appears to increase both brain connectivity and sympathy.
1．Why does the author mention Flaubert's words in the first paragraph? A．To stress the value of reading. B．To compare reading with a party. C．To introduce the study on reading. D．To support the findings of the study.
2．From the text，what can we learn about the study? A．No similar study on reading has been carried out. 教育配套资料K12
教育配套资料K12
B．The process of the study lasted more than ten years. C．It shows readers live two years longer than non-readers. D．It shows time spent on reading increases one's love for it. 3．What do the underlined words“that's the case”probably mean? A．Reading books enables people to live longer. B．Reading is similar to a healthy diet and exercise. C．Reading books is closely associated with longevity. D．Reading increases brain connectivity and sympathy. 4．Where can we most probably read this text?
A．https：//www.theguardian.com/life-and-style/family. B．https：//www.barnesandnoble.com/b/books/coming-soon. C．https：//www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health. D．http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Recommendations.
【解题导语】研究发现，阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁。
【难句分析】The study looked at 3 , 635 subjects，all older than 50，whom the researchers divided into three groups：those who didn't read books，those who read up to 3.5 hours a week and those who read more than 3.5 hours a week.
分析：该句为主从复合句。句中whom the researchers divided into three groups为whom引导的非限制性定语从句；who didn't read books以及who read up to 3.5 hours a week和who read more than 3.5 hours a week都为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词those。
译文：这项研究调查了3 635名年龄超过50岁的实验对象，研究人员将他们分为三组：从来不读书的人，每周阅读3.5小时的人，每周阅读超过3.5小时的人。
1．C 考查推理判断。文章第一段引用福楼拜的名言说明读书的作用，接着第二段介绍了耶鲁大学关于读书与死亡风险之间关系的研究。据此可以判断，引用福楼拜的名言旨在介绍对阅读的作用的研究，故C项正确。
2．B 考查细节理解。根据第二段最后一句中的“book readers experienced a 20 percent reduction in the risk of death over the 12 years of follow-up compared to non-readers”可知，在12年的跟踪调查中发现，与不读书的人相比，阅读者的死亡风险降低了20%。据此可知，该项调查持续了十多年，故B项正确。A项文中没有提及；C项错在two years longer than nonreaders，与第四段的第一句“The findings were remarkable：on average，book readers survived almost two years longer than those who didn't crack open a book”中的almost表述不符；D项文中没有提及。
3．A 考查词义猜测。根据上文中的“books appear to promote a significant survival 教育配套资料K12
教育配套资料K12
advantage”及上文所述的研究结论“读书可以延长寿命”和该句“Why or how
that's_the_case remains unclear；the research showed only an association between book reading and longevity，not a causal relationship”可知，阅读为什么以及以什么方式延长读者寿命，人们仍然不清楚。据此可知，画线词指代研究表明的“读书可以延长寿命”，故A项正确。
4．C 考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文主要说明了阅读和长寿有一定的联系，阅读者的平均寿命比不读书的人长将近两岁，阅读能增强大脑的功能。据此可以判断，本文属于健康话题，因此最可能摘自健康网站，故C项正确。根据A项https：
//www.theguardian.com/life-and-style/family可知，该网站介绍家庭生活方式；根据B项https：//www.barnesandnoble.com /b/books/coming-soon可知，该网站介绍即将出版的新书；根据D项http：//www.thebookbag.co.uk/Book_Recommendations可知，该网站主要推荐书籍。
二、单项选择。
1.—I’m afraid I can’t go to the cinema with you. I’ve got a bad headache. —Oh, I am sorry. _______ take a couple of aspirins and lie down for a bit? You’ll be all right in half an hour.
A. Why won’t you B. Why didn’t you C. Why don’t you D. Why you not 【答案】C
【解析】Why don’t you 表示建议。句意： “我恐怕不能和你一起去看电影啦！我头疼得很厉害。 ” “呵，对不起啊！那你为什么不服用两片阿司匹林躺会儿呢？半小时后你就会好的。 ”
2.If you have let yourself go, you should consider _______ something about it for the sake of your health.And I consider the advice of mine _______ you. A. to do, to benefit B. to have done, benefiting C. doing, to benefit D. doing, benefiting 【答案】C
【解析】第一个 consider 作“考虑”解，后面应该跟动名词做宾语。第二个 consider 作“认为”解，后面应该跟不定式做宾语补足语。句意：你以前要是对自己不管不顾，你现在就应该为了自己的健康而考虑一下做些什么了。我认为我的这条建议对你是有益处的。 3.He’s _______ is known as a “bellyacher” . He’s always complaining about some 教育配套资料K12
教育配套资料K12 thing.
A. who B. whom C. what D. which 【答案】C
【解析】what is known as 意思是“大家所熟悉的，所谓的” 。what is known as a “bellyacher”在句中作表语，用于说明 he 的身份、职业等。句意：他是那种大家所熟悉的牢骚满腹的人总是怨这怨那。
4._______ here yesterday, he could have seen Jackie Chen.
A. If Bob has come B. If Bob came C. Had Bob come D. If Bob should come 【答案】C
【解析】句意：要是鲍勃昨天在这儿，他可能会看到成龙。根据时间状语 yesterday 可知是对过去事实的假设，故用过去完成式，用 If Bob had come...，省略为 Had Bob come。 5.—Why didn’t Tom give you one of his stamps?
—I didn’t want one, he would have given me one if I _______. A. did B. Would C. will D. had 【答案】D
【解析】根据 would have given 可推测本句表示对过去的虚拟， 所以 if 从句中应使用过去完成时(had done)， if I had 是 if I had wanted one 的省略形式。
6.If Susan _______ for ten more minutes at the party last night, she might have met Johnny Depp, the famous Hollywood star.
A. stayed B. would stay C. had stayed D. would have stayed 【答案】C
【解析】句意：如果昨天晚上 Susan 在聚会上多停留十分钟，她可能就遇见了好莱坞著名的明星，Johnny Depp。此处是 if 引导的非真实条件句，与过去事实相反，所以条件句用过去完成时态。
7.Grace doesn’t want to move to New York because she thinks if she _______ there, she wouldn’t be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. has lived D. were to live 【答案】D
【解析】由 doesn’t want to move to New York 可知 Grace 还没有去纽约，所以句子应该是对将来的虚拟。对将来的虚拟 if 条件状语从句谓语动词的时态有三种形式：were to do 教育配套资料K12
